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First in line is the converter impeller. The impeller always turns at the same speed as the engine as it is connected to the crankshaft by way of the cover, and also serves to turn the transmission fluid pump in the transmission with an indexed gear.
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On the inside of the impeller are angled blades. Positive, neutral, or negative blade angle determines converter stall, as the way the blades direct the fluid into the turbine influences when the turbine will start to turn the transmission input shaft.
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The stator resides in between the impeller and the turbine. The stator redirects fluid flow to create the multiplication of engine torque as the converter works from stall to 9/10ths fluid coupling.
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The stator locks on a clutch to redirect the fluid flow. Note the opposite angle of the stator blades. Once the fluid coupling stage is achieved, the stator unlocks and goes with the flow.
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The rotation of the turbine inside the torque converter is what turns the input shaft of the transmission. The transmission fluid, with the help of the engine, impeller, and stator, creates a fluid coupling which spins the turbine.
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The cover is welded to the impeller. This is why the impeller always spins at the same rate of speed as the crankshaft. The torque converter as an assembly is bolted to the engine by way of a flexplate.
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